Epidemiology of Lifestyle-Related Diseases and Industrial Foods

URL of the actual page: https://twitter.com/herodote63/status/1149251855027003399?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
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Editor, Date: Herodote63, 11 juil. 2019
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URL of the actual page: https://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/09/health/sugar-detox-food-drayer/index.html
Title of the Page: One-month sugar detox: A nutritionist explains how and why
Editor, Date: CNN, March 22, 2018
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If you've read about the latest wellness trends, you may have entertained the idea of a diet detox.

But whether you've considered juicing, fasting or cleansing in an effort to lose weight or improve your well-being, you're probably aware that drastically cutting out foods is not effective as a long-term lifestyle approach to healthy eating.
In fact, strict detoxing can cause issues including fatigue, dizziness and low blood sugar.

What happens when you go without sugar for 10 days?
But there is one kind of sustainable detox that is worthwhile, according to some experts. Reducing sugar in your diet can help you drop pounds, improve your health and even give you more radiant skin.
"Sugar makes you fat, ugly and old," said Brooke Alpert, a registered dietitian and co-author of "The Sugar Detox: Lose the Sugar, Lose the Weight -- Look and Feel Great." "What we've discovered in the last couple of years is that sugar is keeping us overweight. It's also a leading cause of heart disease; it negatively affects skin, and it leads to premature aging."

URL of the actual page: https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/03/health/diet-global-deaths-study/index.html
Title of the Page: What we aren't eating is killing us, global study finds
Editor, Date: CNN, April 3, 2019
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Which risk factor is responsible for more deaths around the world than any other? Not smoking. Not even high blood pressure. It's a poor diet.

"In many countries, poor diet now causes more deaths than tobacco smoking and high blood pressure," said Ashkan Afshin, an assistant professor at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington.

Drinking two or more diet beverages a day linked to high risk of stroke, heart attacks
And it's not just that people are choosing unhealthy options such as red meat and sugary sodas. Just as critical, said Afshin, the lead author of a 27-year global diet analysis published Wednesday in the journal the Lancet, is the lack of healthy foods in our diets, along with high levels of salt.
"While traditionally all the conversation about healthy diet has been focused on lowering the intake of unhealthy food, in this study, we have shown that, at the population level, a low intake of healthy foods is the more important factor, rather than the high intake of unhealthy foods," he said.
One in five deaths globally -- that's about 11 million people -- in 2017 occurred because of too much sodium and a lack of whole grains, fruit and nuts and seeds, the study found, rather than from diets packed with trans fats, sugar-sweetened drinks and high levels of red and processed meats.
The large study size means these findings are relevant to everyone, no matter where they live, said Andrew Reynolds, a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Otago in New Zealand, who was not involved in the study.
"The findings of the paper will inform policy decisions that shape what food is available in Western countries, how it is marketed and potentially what it costs in the coming years," Reynolds said.

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Title of the Page: It's not just soda: Drinking too much fruit juice (or any sugary drink) linked to premature death risk
Editor, Date: CNN, May 17, 2019
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Many sugar-sweetened beverages have little to no nutritional value and lots of calories, and their harmful health effects have been well-documented. Now, a study links drinking too many sugary beverages -- and even 100 percent natural fruit juices -- to an increased risk of early death.

Specifically, drinking an excessive amount of fruit juice could lead to an increased risk of premature death ranging from 9 percent to 42 percent, according to the study, published Friday in the journal JAMA Network Open.

Sugary drink sales plummeted in Philadelphia after soda tax
Overall, the sugars found in orange juice, although naturally occurring, are pretty similar to the sugars added to soda and other sweetened beverages, the study suggests.
"Sugary beverages, whether soft drinks or fruit juices, should be limited," Jean A. Welsh, a co-author of the study and an assistant professor in the Department of Pediatrics at Emory University in Atlanta, wrote in an email.

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Title of the Page: https://edition.cnn.com/2019/07/10/health/sugary-drinks-cancer-risk-study-intl/index.html
Editor, Date: CNN, July 12, 2019
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There's more bad news for fans of sugary drinks such as soda and fruit juice.

A new study has linked drinking just a small glass of a sugary drink per day -- 100 ml, about a third of a typical can of soda -- to an 18 percent increase in overall cancer risk and a 22 percent increase in risk for breast cancer.
The research, which looked at more than 100,000 French adults, links consumption of sugary drinks to an increased risk of some cancers. This follows a recent study linking sugary beverage consumption to greater risk of premature death.

URL of the actual page: https://www.coca-colacompany.com/
Title of the Page: The Coca Cola Company
Editor, Date: The Coca Cola Company, timeless
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Home page of the Coca Cola Company.

(Communication changes somtimes. At the time I write this summary, diversity washing is at unprecedented levels everywhere...)

URL of the actual page: https://twitter.com/herodote63/status/1149251855027003399
Title of the Page: Untitled
Editor, Date: Herodote63, 11 juil. 2019
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URL of a previously posted tweet.

URL of the actual page: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41271-019-00170-9
Title of the Page: “Always read the small print”: a case study of commercial research funding, disclosure and agreements with Coca-Cola
Editor, Date: Journal of Public Health Policy volume 40, pages 273–285(2019), Springer
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Concerns about conflicts of interest in commercially funded research have generated increasing disclosure requirements, but are these enough to assess influence? Using the Coca-Cola Company as an example, we explore its research agreements to understand influence. Freedom of Information requests identified 87,013 pages of documents, including five agreements between Coca-Cola and public institutions in the United States, and Canada. We assess whether they allowed Coca-Cola to exercise control or influence. Provisions gave Coca-Cola the right to review research in advance of publication as well as control over (1) study data, (2) disclosure of results and (3) acknowledgement of Coca-Cola funding. Some agreements specified that Coca-Cola has the ultimate decision about any publication of peer-reviewed papers prior to its approval of the researchers’ final report. If so desired, Coca-Cola can thus prevent publication of unfavourable research, but we found no evidence of this to date in the emails we received. The documents also reveal researchers can negotiate with funders successfully to remove restrictive clauses on their research. We recommend journals supplement funding disclosures and conflict-of-interest statements by requiring authors to attach funder agreements.

URL of the actual page: https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/coca-cola-funds-scientists-who-shift-blame-for-obesity-away-from-bad-diets/?mtrref=www.lemonde.fr&gwh=D22ACC120A2CCD7ED832EA30B781433E&gwt=pay
Title of the Page: Coca-Cola Funds Scientists Who Shift Blame for Obesity Away From Bad Diets
Editor, Date: New York Times Bolg:ANAHAD O’CONNOR AUGUST 9, 2015
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Coca-Cola, the world’s largest producer of sugary beverages, is backing a new “science-based” solution to the obesity crisis: To maintain a healthy weight, get more exercise and worry less about cutting calories.

The beverage giant has teamed up with influential scientists who are advancing this message in medical journals, at conferences and through social media. To help the scientists get the word out, Coke has provided financial and logistical support to a new nonprofit organization called the Global Energy Balance Network, which promotes the argument that weight-conscious Americans are overly fixated on how much they eat and drink while not paying enough attention to exercise.

“Most of the focus in the popular media and in the scientific press is, ‘Oh they’re eating too much, eating too much, eating too much’ — blaming fast food, blaming sugary drinks and so on,” the group’s vice president, Steven N. Blair, an exercise scientist, says in a recent video announcing the new organization. “And there’s really virtually no compelling evidence that that, in fact, is the cause.”

Health experts say this message is misleading and part of an effort by Coke to deflect criticism about the role sugary drinks have played in the spread of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. They contend that the company is using the new group to convince the public that physical activity can offset a bad diet despite evidence that exercise has only minimal impact on weight compared with what people consume.

URL of the actual page: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC416565/
Title of the Page: Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US
Editor, Date: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2004 Feb 10
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In recent years, the food and beverage industry in the US has viewed children and adolescents as a major market force. As a result, children and adolescents are now the target of intense and specialized food marketing and advertising efforts. Food marketers are interested in youth as consumers because of their spending power, their purchasing influence, and as future adult consumers. Multiple techniques and channels are used to reach youth, beginning when they are toddlers, to foster brand-building and influence food product purchase behavior. These food marketing channels include television advertising, in-school marketing, product placements, kids clubs, the Internet, toys and products with brand logos, and youth-targeted promotions, such as cross-selling and tie-ins. Foods marketed to children are predominantly high in sugar and fat, and as such are inconsistent with national dietary recommendations. The purpose of this article is to examine the food advertising and marketing channels used to target children and adolescents in the US, the impact of food advertising on eating behavior, and current regulation and policies.

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URL of the actual page: https://twitter.com/herodote63/status/1152908283784704000?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
Title of the Page: Untitled
Editor, Date: Herodote63, 21 juil. 2019
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Title of the Page: Comment Coca-Cola a bafoué ses promesses de transparence dans les contrats de recherche
Editor, Date: Le Monde, 08 mai 2019
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Une étude révèle que la multinationale aménage de multiples clauses pour exercer une influence sur les travaux scientifiques qu’elle sponsorise.

Il est recommandé de "toujours lire les petits caractères". Un conseil avisé, surtout quand on signe un contrat de recherche avec Coca-Cola. C’est sous ce titre malicieux qu’une étude académique explosive a été publiée mercredi 8 mai dans le Journal of Public Health Policy, une revue spécialisée en santé publique. Explosive car elle raconte, preuves à l’appui, que contrairement à ses engagements publics, la multinationale du soda se réserve le droit d’empêcher la publication de tout résultat qui lui déplairait.

Agroalimentaire, pesticides ou chimie : il est exceptionnel de pouvoir accéder aux contrats liant des scientifiques à des sociétés mises en difficulté par l’accumulation de preuves sur la nocivité de leurs produits. Depuis la fin des années 2000, ceux de Coca-Cola sont mis en cause dans l’épidémie mondiale d’obésité et de diabète. Bien que sa vocation ne soit pas la production de connaissances scientifiques mais le commerce de sodas et de boissons sucrées, la multinationale américaine s’engage alors dans un vaste programme de financement d’activités et d’études scientifiques. Son objectif : détourner l’attention du rôle de la consommation de sucre en mettant l’accent sur le manque d’activité physique.

Menés par Sarah Steele, professeure de droit en santé publique au Jesus College de l’Université de Cambridge (Royaume-Uni), les auteurs de l’étude ont pu examiner cinq contrats conclus entre Coca-Cola et des universitaires américains et canadiens de renom. La firme, résume Mme Steele, "s’y réserve le droit d’interrompre les contrats sans motif". Or "les clauses et conditions de ces contrats ne sont pas cohérentes avec les déclarations faites par Coca-Cola sur son site Internet".